Economics

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

A stimulus package enacted by Congress in 2009 in response to the Great Recession providing economic stimulus through a combination of tax cuts and spending provisions. ARRA allocated funding for infrastructure development education healthcare energy efficiency and various other sectors aimed at creating jobs preserving existing ones and promoting economic recovery.

Business Ethics Association

A U.S. organization promoting business ethics education. It supports ethical standards in organizations.

Brazil Russia India China

An association of five major emerging economies that have significant influence on regional and global affairs. BRIC countries represent a substantial portion of the world's land mass population and economic output functioning as an economic bloc for cooperation on trade investment development and policy coordination across multiple sectors.

Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement

A free-trade agreement between Canada and the European Union that reduces trade barriers and increases business opportunities. CETA eliminates tariffs on most goods reduces regulatory obstacles opens services markets provides better access to public procurement and creates predictable conditions for exporters and importers strengthening economic ties across the Atlantic.

Center for Healthcare Economics and Business Models

A research institution focused on analyzing healthcare financing strategies, payment structures, and operational frameworks to optimize cost, quality, and access to care.

Consumer Price Index

A measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services. CPI is used to track inflation and deflation periods identify cost-of-living changes and adjust wages benefits and prices to maintain purchasing power across the economy.

Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium

An economic modeling approach that analyzes how the economy behaves over time in response to random economic shocks while maintaining theoretical consistency. DSGE models incorporate microeconomic foundations rational expectations dynamic optimization and random disturbances enabling economists to simulate policy effects analyze business cycles forecast economic outcomes and study macroeconomic relationships providing insights for monetary policy fiscal decisions and economic planning through mathematically rigorous structural analysis.

International Monetary Fund

An international organization that promotes global economic growth and financial stability encourages international trade and reduces poverty around the world. IMF provides policy advice and financing to members in economic difficulties while working with developing nations to achieve macroeconomic stability and reduce poverty.

Journal of Leadership Studies in Economics and Business

An academic publication focused on research into executive decision-making, organizational direction-setting, and strategic management across various economic contexts and business environments.

North American Free Trade Agreement

A trade agreement between Canada Mexico and the United States that eliminated most tariffs and barriers to free trade and investment. NAFTA created one of the world's largest free trade zones laying the groundwork for strong economic growth and helping to raise the standard of living for people across North America.

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

An intergovernmental organization of 13 nations that coordinates petroleum policies among member countries. OPEC aims to secure fair prices for petroleum producers a steady supply to consumers and a fair return on capital for industry investors while regulating oil production and price stabilization.

Producer Price Index

A family of indexes that measures the average change over time in selling prices received by domestic producers for their output. PPI tracks price changes from the perspective of the seller serving as an early indicator of inflation before changes affect consumers and helping businesses with contract negotiations.